The Great Sectional Differences Between North And South

Abraham Lincoln once said to George Robertson â€Å"‘Can we, as a nation, continue, together permanently—forever—half slave, and half free?’ The problem is too mighty for me. May God, in his mercy, superintend the solution.† (Hobson, 1912) This he wrote in a private letter in 1855. It was another year before Lincoln felt ready to think about saying the same thing in a way that would be really heard. He made his position clear September 18, 1858, stating â€Å"I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races,† going on to say that he opposed blacks having the right to vote, to serve on juries, to hold office and to intermarry with whites. (Mintz, S., McNeil, 2016) The Civil War in the United States was inevitable. The great sectional differences between North and South were far too great, and the main reason for these differences was the fact that slavery underlay both the southern economy and society. No one, not even Abraham Lincoln could dispute the growing gap between the nation at that time. Slavery in the United states proved too difficult to progress, mostly economically. In the 1860 election, both candidates believed that slavery was immorally wrong. However, given the mainstream opinion of slavery, they couldn’t outwardly speak too much of abolishing slavery for good. In the pre-Civil War United States, a case can be made that slavery played a critical role in economicShow MoreRelatedNorthern And Southern United States989 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferently. The South was mostly into farming, while the North was more about the industry. Both regions also had sectional differences in the way tariffs and slavery were intertwined. Since there were unfair tariffs that tested dominate leaders like the Britain Crown, many rebellions have been staged. The North and South in the United States did have many differences between each other, but they eventually came together as a united country. The Industry was booming in the North and this madeRead MoreThe Quest For Room By William Barney1151 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Barney’s article, â€Å"The Quest for Room,† he analyzes the differing opinions between the North and South regarding the expansion of slavery into the newly acquired Western territories. The author argues that the West would have been important to slaveholders as a place to expand slavery if the territories had not been free-soil. The reason for this article was to show us how prominent the sectional differences were in the nineteenth century because of the argument over slavery. This, in turnRead MoreInterpreting The Consequences And Causations Of The American Civil War1058 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent interpretations of the origins and significance of the Civil War such as a Southern constitutional viewpoint, politics, economics, sectional differences between the North and South, or the great slave power conspiracy. Moreover, while s ome of these arguments are compelling the revisionist approach is insufficient in elucidating the incipient sectional tensions, during the 1850s, that brought about the American Civil War. Furthermore, the most efficacious way for historians to interpret theRead MoreU.s History : American Civil War1423 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan long before the first shot. There is a great deal of possible causes of the Civil War, and in much disagreement with popular belief the war was not solely fought about the existence of slavery. Unfortunately, there is no simple reason why the war began because there were many sectional differences between the states of the North and of the South. In many ways the Civil War can be described as a war between two different countries instead of a war between two sections of a country. Slavery was perhapsRead MoreSlavery During The 19th Century1636 Words   |  7 Pagesever turning into a sectional concern, such that the nation had essentially become divided al ong regional lines. Based on economic or moral reasoning, people of the Northern states were increasingly in support of opposition to slavery, all the while Southerners became united to defend the institution of slavery. Brought on by profound changes including regional differences in the pattern of slavery in the upper and lower South, as well as the movement of abolitionism in the North, slavery in AmericaRead MoreDid the Civil War Ultimately reduce sectional antagonism and make the United States truly one nation?1111 Words   |  5 PagesPrior to Civil War, distinct Northern and Southern cultures had been established; The free North occupied the commercial industry, while the slavery-based South undertook an agricultural occupation. The South and the North began to fight over right and wrong. The major issue was regarding slavery, as the South wanted to preserve slavery while, the North wanted to get rid of it. These conflicts rose into sectional antagonism and eventually put the United States and President Lincoln in a loophole. Read MoreAmerican Spirits Were Exceptionally High At The End Of The War Of 18121486 Words   |  6 Pagesfor sectionalism propagated and a nationwide panic heightened. Therefore, with emerging sectionalism in subsequent events that followed the War of 1812, the time period questionably labeled the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings†, tested whether or not sectional differences and an economic crisis would prevail over national unity. It was clear that the victory of the War of 1812, also known as the Second American Independence, gave citizens more pride in their country. Many historians have stated that the WarRead MoreThe Death of Compromise in 19th Century America 1001 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant part of early American politics. However, as the nineteenth century progressed the ability to compromise began to decrease, culminating in the complete inability to do so by 1860. This was almost entirely due to growing sectional differences at the time as the North was rapidly becoming the antagonist of Southern society, being very unwilling to compromise on the issue of slavery. This can most obviously be seen in the political arena, with slavery becoming the forefront issue of AmericanRead MoreThe Threat On A Nation From Its Own Constitution Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesMexican American War, which mainly began over the issue of the expansion of slavery. However, America’s sectional differences have be en present since the country’s early days. In fact, one might argue that the United States was born to be split over issues on governance, with the seeds of secession sown as early as when the Founding Fathers created a new nation. Despite the many societal differences that each area of the United States has, the Constitution led to the split in the nation mainly by makingRead MoreA Strong Supporter Of The American System And A War Hawk1613 Words   |  7 Pages Term Identification Significance Henry Clay strong supporter of the american system and a war hawk. known as the â€Å"great compromiser† outlined the compromise of 1850 served to be a dominant figure in the first party system and the second party system†¦ created the american system American System developed by henry clay in regards to stimulating the industry.. it had three points..a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network resulted in over dependence

Wisdom of Realization - 1746 Words

Lesson 15 The wisdom of realization One can say that wisdom can truly be found through a realization in one own life and even through suffering. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear† and Mitch Albom’s â€Å"Tuesdays with Morrie†, we see that both main characters Morrie Schwartz and King Lear gain wisdom through realizations of certain aspects of life and through their own personal sufferings. Both Morrie and Lear gain wisdom firstly through suffering. Morrie gains wisdom through suffering physically from ALS and having to come to terms that he is no longer independent and never will be. While Lear must suffer through the fact that perhaps those he thought loved him the most, didn’t love him at all and the one person who did love†¦show more content†¦It is through this realization that he realizes what love truly is and gains the wisdom of true real and filial love of a daughter. Even when they end up in jail together he says â€Å"†¦Come, let’s away to prison; we two alone will sing like birds I’th’cage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..and pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh at guilded butterflies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Shakespeare, 5,3,8-13)Therefore King Lear gains wisdom through suffering at the hands of his greedy and selfish daughters, only then does he know what true love and affection means .Therefore one can gain wisdom through realization and suffrage. While one can love material things, material things can never love you. Materialistic people must understand that in life it is not the things that you have, it is the people and the relationships you have even when those things have come and gone. Secondly, Morrie Schwartz comes to accept that he does not need material things now that he is dying and tries to pass on this knowledge to Mitch during one of their Tuesdays together. Money is not a substitute for tenderness, and power is not a substitute for tenderness. I can tell you, as Im sitting here dying, when you most need it, neither mo ney nor power will give you the feeling youre looking for, no matter how much of them you have (Albom 125).Morrie helps pass on hisShow MoreRelatedAn Integral Theory Of Consciousness Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciousness. Relevant Realization in perspective Examining the several theories that appear to have shaped the development of RR, it is important to be zeroing on the RR to gain a better understanding of its tenet and its propositions. Vervaeke’s fundamental postulation is that ‘Relevant Realization’, is the central aspect of cognition and a necessity towards attaining insightful wisdom. He describes wisdom as involving coordination of different types of relevant realizations. According to VervaekeRead More What is Wisdom? 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Figuratively, the poem is about the people forgetting to realize the great things in life because they pay attention to trivial matter and tend to lose something prominent. It’s a realization that tells that life shouldn’t be serious and love is something special and death is inevitableRead MoreThe Wizard Of Oz By L. Frank Baum1486 Words   |  6 Pagesalready accomplished and has only to be realized. Until then, one makes himself a pr isoner of sangsara, or the phenomenal universe, which includes the heavens and the hells...but Nirvana itself is Reality, devoid of elemental distinctions. Upon realization of Shunyata, or Void (Kansas) one leaves these behind and acquires the Dharma-Kaya or Divine Body of Truth (Uncle Henry and Aunt Em.) (Herbert, 10) To clarify, Dorothy must realize that Kansas (Shunyata) is not her true home, but with Aunt EmRead MoreReflecting on Wisdom Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesReflecting On Wisdom Geni Mayes PSY/220 September 2, 2012 Tanya Harrell Reflecting On Wisdom â€Å"Wisdom  is a deep understanding and realization of people, things, events or situations, resulting in the ability to apply perceptions, judgments and actions in keeping with this understanding† (Wikipedia, 2012). Wisdom personifies a particular kind of knowledge, intelligence, and judgment concentrated on the behavior of an honorable life. Wise people have cultured life’s most important teachingsRead MoreThe Four Paths of Yoga1673 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Running head: THE FOUR PATHS OF YOGA Abstract Life is full of choices and opportunities for spiritual development. The four paths of yoga Provide wisdom, serenity, direction, and strength. Each path has its own unique goal yet They all work together for a greater purpose. The four paths of yoga have practices that Can be related to other religious traditions such as devotion, prayer, giving, and physical Actions such as fasting that require discipline and commitment to a HigherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Antigone 1117 Words   |  5 PagesIn the reading Siddartha, the protagonist, Siddartha, is a man who comes to the realization that he is lacking in life and that the materialistic treasures of the world, such as power, wealth, and sex, do not satisfy him anymore. He then embarks on a long journey to fill the void inside of him and search for the enlightenment that he craves. Before he experiences his awakening, he faces many obstacles and fights many battles between his internal values and the values of the world. Likewise, the play

Strategic Management Analysis of Woolworths- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management Analysis of Woolworths for HomeShop. Answer: Introduction Woolworths is an organization of Australian origin which operates in the industry of supermarkets. The chain of supermarkets is owned by Woolworths Limited and it was founded in the year 1924. The organization mainly specialises in the selling of groceries, magazines, beauty and health products, household products, baby products and pet products. Woolworths operates around 1000 stores all over Australia and 19 additional convenience stores as well. The organization has been able to acquire around 80% of the entire market of Australia. Woolworths has also started its online operations which is also known by the name of HomeShop (Woolworths.com.au 2018). The three major key performance indicators or priorities of Woolworths are, The positive culture in the stores of Woolworths and the providing high levels of customer service. The customer satisfaction levels are a part of the incentive plans that are provided to employees. The company aims to generate the momentum of sales in the food related sector. Woolworths is also planning to lower the prices of its products so that they can attract more customers. The stable merchandising platform of Woolworths has helped the company in increasing its revenues. The process of human capital management is live in the stores of Woolworths. The improvement of end-to-end process has also improved the performance of Woolworths (Albrecht, Holland Peters, 2016). Internal environment analysis The resources, core competencies and capabilities of Woolworths Resources The major resources of Woolworths mainly include the employees of the organization who are responsible for providing the highest levels of satisfaction to the customers. The inventory that is possessed by the company and the distribution related capabilities of Woolworths will further act as the most important resource for Woolworths (Chatzoglou et al., 2017). Core competencies The core competencies of Woolworths include the world-class supply chain of the organization and ways by which it decreases the time of production. The brand value and the market position of Woolworths has helped the organization in gaining a sustainable position in the market. The innovation related capabilities of Woolworths has further been helpful in creating a competitive position in the market. The sales and marketing related capabilities of Woolworths are also a part of the core competencies of the organization (Cosic, Shanks Maynard, 2015). Capabilities The capabilities of an organization are mainly related to the coordination of resources by putting them into use. Woolworths has been running its business operations quite successfully since the time of its inception in the year 1924. This depicts that Woolworths has the capabilities to use the resources in an effective and efficient manner (Gereffi Lee, 2016). VRIO Analysis VRIO analysis is an analytical tool which is used for the purpose of evaluating the internal resources that are possessed by an organization. The tool mainly analyses the capabilities of the organization and the competitive advantage or the weaknesses of the company in the industry. The various types of resources that are analysed with the help of VRIO framework are financial resources, material resources, human resources and non-material resources. VRIO is the abbreviation that is used for four particular factor of analysis which are, value, rareness, imitability and organization (Knott, 2015). Value Woolworths has high value in the retail market and it has a strong global presence as well. The global presence and brand value of the company is considered to be one of its most important assets. This has helped the organization in increasing its size, market share and sales in the industry. Woolworths has been operating in the Australian market for many years which has enabled the organization to gain a position in the industry and create its own value (Lin Tsai, 2016). Rare Woolworths is mainly known in the Australian market for the production and supply of fresh food items. Manty other organizations in the market also claim to provide these products, however Woolworths has been able to gain a trust in the minds of Australian citizens regarding the quality of its products. Many products that are offered by Woolworths in the market are rare in nature and are not easily found in the stores of the other organizations. The wide range of products that are offered by Woolworths are a major advantage that is gained by the company in the industry (Lin Wu, 2014). Imitability The revenues that are generated by Woolworths and the position that the organization hold in the market has been unique in nature. The competitors of the company in the Australian retail market like. Coles, Distributors and Aldi have not been successful in imitating the company in all its aspects and gain a competitive position in the market. This has provided Woolworths a shield from getting totally imitated by the other companies in the market. Organization Woolworths has been taking constant advantage of the capabilities and the core competencies that it possesses. The company has more than 300 stores in entire Australia and New Zealand and employs more than 1,00,000 people in all its branches, stores and facilities. The innovation related skills of the company have also been helpful in creating a strong image of its brand (Los, Timmer Vries, 2015). Value chain analysis of Woolworths Woolworths has been able to create a valuable position in the market with the help of its various value chain related activities that are discussed further, Inbound logistics The suppliers of Woolworths are spread in thousands of businesses on a global platform. The organization is heavily dependent on its suppliers for the purpose of gaining the best products that can be supplied to the customers. The management prices of the products are easier for Walmart as it purchases products in bulk from the suppliers. The company is able to exert pressure on the suppliers based on the financial position of the business in the industry (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Operations Woolworths has its operations in the retail sector and this industry has been growing steadily for many years. Woolworths has also been able to expand its operations and revenues with the help of its extensive operations in all the markets. Outbound logistics The core of the inventory management related technique of Woolworths is related to the successful management of its supply chain related activities. The products are delivered by the suppliers to the stores in such a manner so that the costs related to these activities are low. The products are replenished on an immediate manner so that the customers do not have to wait for a long time (Taglioni Winkler, 2016). Sales and marketing The pricing strategy of Woolworths is considered to be the key element related to the success of its marketing activities. The company has been investing a lot in the marketing activities and promotes its brands with the help of many different marketing channels. Technology Woolworths has made extensive use of technology to improve the offline or store sales related processes. The online processes have also been improved by developing the website of the company and adding more features (Xu et al., 2016). Human resource management Woolworths has been successful in creating an employee base which consists of the best of people. The recruitment process of the company is transparent in nature and the candidates are treated in a fair manner. Procurement The procurement and supply chain related activities of Woolworths have efficient in nature. The company has introduced a world-class approach to manage the supply chain activities and offer the products to the customers in time. Infrastructure Woolworths has a huge infrastructure which includes the various departments like, human resources, supply chain and many more. The management of employees of Woolworths is also performed in an efficient and successful manner (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Organizational culture The organizational culture of Woolworths consists of two major factors which are integrity and hard work. The company follows a down-to-earth culture in which the employees celebrate the values of the organization which are family-friendly in nature. The business operations are mainly led by the customers and their needs and demands. The customers are always at the heart of the decisions that are made by the company (Woolworths.com.au, 2018). Strategic issues in Woolworths The major strategic issue that was faced by Woolworths in the recent years was related to the high prices of the products as compared to its competitors. The company had been showing slow growth due to the prices that had been decided for its products in the market. The company has changed its strategy of focussing on short-term profits and have been able to sacrifice these profits for long-term profit growth. The liquor and food business of the company has not shown growth in the recent times which has further led to changes in the leadership and management (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Conclusion The report can be concluded by stating that Woolworths has been successful in the retail market of Australia and New Zealand. The internal resources of the organization have been analysed based on VRIO and Value chain framework. The analysis has depicted that Woolworths has huge capabilities and resources to grow in the retail market and increase its international presence as well. The company has however faced some strategic issues that the management has tried to solve to increase the revenues in the market. References Albrecht, C., Holland, D., Peters, M. (2016). Strategic revenue analysis.Strategic Direction,32(7), 32-34. Chatzoglou, P. D., Chatzoudes, D., Sarigiannidis, L., Theriou, G. (2017). The role of firm-specific factors in the strategy-performance relationship: revisiting the resource-based view of the firm and the VRIO framework.Management Research Review, (just-accepted), 00-00. Cosic, R., Shanks, G., Maynard, S. B. (2015). A business analytics capability framework.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,19. Gereffi, G., Lee, J. (2016). Economic and social upgrading in global value chains and industrial clusters: Why governance matters.Journal of Business Ethics,133(1), 25-38. Knott, P. J. (2015). Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?.Management Decision,53(8), 1806-1822. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L. (2016). Achieving a firms competitive advantage through dynamic capability.Baltic Journal of Management,11(3), 260-285. Lin, Y., Wu, L. Y. (2014). Exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in firm performance under the resource-based view framework.Journal of business research,67(3), 407-413. Los, B., Timmer, M. P., Vries, G. J. (2015). How global are global value chains? A new approach to measure international fragmentation.Journal of Regional Science,55(1), 66-92. Schroeder, A., Kotlarsky, J. (2015). Digital resources and their role in advanced service provision: A VRIN analysis. Taglioni, D., Winkler, D. (2016).Making global value chains work for development. World Bank Publications. Woolworths.com.au (2018).Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/ Xu, L., Gao, S. Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, H. F., Yu, H., Song, C. Y. (2016). Strategic Human Capital in Organization: Frontier Review, Prospective Commentary, and Guiding Framework. InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2015(pp. 85-98). Atlantis Press, Paris.

Microprocessors Evolution Essays - Microprocessors, 16-bit, Motorola

Microprocessors Evolution Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. The Microprocessor has been around since 1971 years, but in the last few years it has changed the American calculators to video games and computers (Givone 1). Many microprocessors have been manufactured for all sorts of products; some have succeeded and some have not. This paper will discuss the evolution and history of the most prominent 16 and 32 bit microprocessors in the microcomputer and how they are similar to and different from each other. Because microprocessors are a subject that most people cannot relate to and do not know much about, this paragraph will introduce some of the terms that will be in- volved in the subsequent paragraphs. Throughout the paper the 16-bit and 32-bit mi- croprocessors are compared and contrasted. The number 16 in the 16-bit microproces- sor refers how many registers there are or how much storage is available for the mi- croprocessor (Aumiaux, 3). The microprocessor has a memory address such as A16, and at this address the specific commands to the microprocessor are stored in the memory of the computer (Aumiaux, 3). So with the 16-bit microprocessor there are 576 places to store data. With the 32-bit microprocessor there are twice as many places to store data making the microprocessor faster. Another common term which is mentioned frequently in the paper is the oscil- lator or the time at which the processors "clock" ticks. The oscillator is the pace maker for the microprocessor which tells what frequency the microprocessor can proc- ess information, this value is measured in Mega-hertz or MHz. A nanosecond is a measurement of time in a processor, or a billionth of a second. This is used to measure the time it takes for the computer to execute an instructions, other wise knows as a cy- cle. There are many different types of companies of which all have their own family of processors. Since the individual processors in the families were developed over a fairly long period of time, it is hard to distinguish which processors were introduced in order. This paper will mention the families of processors in no particular order. The first microprocessor that will be discussed is the family of microprocessors called the 9900 series manufactured by Texas Instruments during the mid-70s and was developed from the architecture of the 900 minicomputer series (Titus, 178). There were five dif- ferent actual microprocessors that were designed in this family, they were the TMS9900, TMS9980A, TMS9981, TMS9985, and the TMS9940. The TMS9900 was the first of these microprocessors so the next four of the microprocessors where simply variations of the TMS9900 (Titus, 178). The 9900 series microprocessors runs with 64K memory and besides the fact that the 9900 is a 16-bit microprocessor, only 15 of the address memory circuits are in use (Titus, 179). The 16th address is used for the computer to distinguish between word and data functions (Titus, 179. The 9900 series microprocessors runs from 300 nanoseconds to 500 ns from 2MHz to 3.3MHz and even some variations of the original microprocessor where made to go up to 4MHz (Avtar, 115). The next microprocessor that will be discussed is the LSI-11 which was pro- duced from the structural plans of the PDP-11 minicomputer family. There are three microprocessors in the LSI-11 family they are the LSI-11, LSI-11/2, and the much im- proved over the others is the LSI-11/32 (Titus, 131). The big difference between the LSI-11 family of microprocessors and other similar microprocessors of its kind is they have the instruction codes of a microcomputer but since the LSI-11 microprocessor originated from the PDP-11 family it is a multi-microprocessor (Avtar, 207). The fact that the LSI-11 microprocessor is a multi-microprocessor means that many other mi- croprocessors are used in conjunction with the LSI-11 to function properly (Avtar, 207). The LSI-11 microprocessor has a direct processing speed of 16-bit word and 7- bit data, however the improved LSI-11/22 can directly process 64-bit data (Titus, 131). The average time that the LSI-11 and LSI-11/2 process at are 380 nanoseconds, while the LSI-11/23 is clocked at 300 nanoseconds (Titus, 132). There are some great strengths that lie in the LSI-11 family, some of which are the efficient way at which the microprocessor processes and the ability to run minicomputer software which leads to great hardware support (Avtar, 179). Although there are many strengths to the LSI- Microprocessors Evolution Essays - Microprocessors, 16-bit, Motorola Microprocessors Evolution Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. The Microprocessor has been around since 1971 years, but in the last few years it has changed the American calculators to video games and computers (Givone 1). Many microprocessors have been manufactured for all sorts of products; some have succeeded and some have not. This paper will discuss the evolution and history of the most prominent 16 and 32 bit microprocessors in the microcomputer and how they are similar to and different from each other. Because microprocessors are a subject that most people cannot relate to and do not know much about, this paragraph will introduce some of the terms that will be in- volved in the subsequent paragraphs. Throughout the paper the 16-bit and 32-bit mi- croprocessors are compared and contrasted. The number 16 in the 16-bit microproces- sor refers how many registers there are or how much storage is available for the mi- croprocessor (Aumiaux, 3). The microprocessor has a memory address such as A16, and at this address the specific commands to the microprocessor are stored in the memory of the computer (Aumiaux, 3). So with the 16-bit microprocessor there are 576 places to store data. With the 32-bit microprocessor there are twice as many places to store data making the microprocessor faster. Another common term which is mentioned frequently in the paper is the oscil- lator or the time at which the processors "clock" ticks. The oscillator is the pace maker for the microprocessor which tells what frequency the microprocessor can proc- ess information, this value is measured in Mega-hertz or MHz. A nanosecond is a measurement of time in a processor, or a billionth of a second. This is used to measure the time it takes for the computer to execute an instructions, other wise knows as a cy- cle. There are many different types of companies of which all have their own family of processors. Since the individual processors in the families were developed over a fairly long period of time, it is hard to distinguish which processors were introduced in order. This paper will mention the families of processors in no particular order. The first microprocessor that will be discussed is the family of microprocessors called the 9900 series manufactured by Texas Instruments during the mid-70s and was developed from the architecture of the 900 minicomputer series (Titus, 178). There were five dif- ferent actual microprocessors that were designed in this family, they were the TMS9900, TMS9980A, TMS9981, TMS9985, and the TMS9940. The TMS9900 was the first of these microprocessors so the next four of the microprocessors where simply variations of the TMS9900 (Titus, 178). The 9900 series microprocessors runs with 64K memory and besides the fact that the 9900 is a 16-bit microprocessor, only 15 of the address memory circuits are in use (Titus, 179). The 16th address is used for the computer to distinguish between word and data functions (Titus, 179. The 9900 series microprocessors runs from 300 nanoseconds to 500 ns from 2MHz to 3.3MHz and even some variations of the original microprocessor where made to go up to 4MHz (Avtar, 115). The next microprocessor that will be discussed is the LSI-11 which was pro- duced from the structural plans of the PDP-11 minicomputer family. There are three microprocessors in the LSI-11 family they are the LSI-11, LSI-11/2, and the much im- proved over the others is the LSI-11/32 (Titus, 131). The big difference between the LSI-11 family of microprocessors and other similar microprocessors of its kind is they have the instruction codes of a microcomputer but since the LSI-11 microprocessor originated from the PDP-11 family it is a multi-microprocessor (Avtar, 207). The fact that the LSI-11 microprocessor is a multi-microprocessor means that many other mi- croprocessors are used in conjunction with the LSI-11 to function properly (Avtar, 207). The LSI-11 microprocessor has a direct processing speed of 16-bit word and 7- bit data, however the improved LSI-11/22 can directly process 64-bit data (Titus, 131). The average time that the LSI-11 and LSI-11/2 process at are 380 nanoseconds, while the LSI-11/23 is clocked at 300 nanoseconds (Titus, 132). There are some great strengths that lie in the LSI-11 family, some of which are the efficient way at which the microprocessor processes and the ability to run minicomputer software which leads to great hardware support (Avtar, 179). Although there are many strengths to the LSI-